Painting Punishment on a wooden cross
The third picture from an album of Chinese paintings of torture, court and execution scenes, showing a bare-chested woman tied to a wooden cross.
These paintings were on a special type of paper that Cantonese artists began to make from the native evergreen tree tongcao 通草 (Tetrapanax papyrifer), which is common in southern China and Taiwan. Artificial flowers were also made from the white bark of this tree, and it was used for medicinal purposes as well. (NVS)
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